Everything Nurses >> Rx Corner >> Terms and Definations
Terms and Definations
25203 posts back to top |
Posted 6 months ago Terms
Solid Powder, Tablet, Pill, Bolus, Pessary, Suppository
Liquid Mixture, Tincture, Spirit, Suspension, Elixir, Emulsion, Extract, Infusion, Decoction, Injection, Liniment, Lotion
Semisolid Ointment, Cream, Paste, Electuary
Gases, Vapors Aerosol, Spray, Mist
Powder Mixture of drugs packaged in a packet
Tablet Active drugs(s) combined with a binder and excipient, compressed by a machine.
Excipient Inactive carrier for drugs in pharmacology
Enteric-Coated Tablet Acid Proof in the stomach, dissolve in alkaline small intestine
Pill Mixture of drugs and a sticky binder
Capsule Container made of mixture of gelatin and glycerin
Bolus Large cylindrical in shape
Mixture Aqueous solution or suspension for oral use
Pessary Conical (cone shaped) solid preparation for intravaginal use in humans
Suppository conical solid preparation given intrarectally for systemic effect in humans
Conical Cone Shaped
Paste Semisolid preparation for external or internal use
Electuary Semisolid preparation applied on the back of the tongue (systemic effect)
Tincture Alcoholic liquid with nonvolatile substance
Spirit Alcoholic liquid with volatile substance
Suspension Aqueous suspension of solids, usually contains dispersing agent (gum-tragacanth or methycellulose) to delay settling. Shake well before use
Syrup Solution of medical agents, flavoring, coloring, 85% sucrose solution (more than 50)
Elixir hydroalcoholic solution of medicinal agents, sweetened and flavored, keeps better than a mixture due to high alcohol content
Emulsion Oily substance dispersed in an aqueous medium with an emulsifying or a dispersing agent (gum-acacia, lecithin, methycellulose)
Dispersing Agent Additive in pharmaceuticals to evenly distribute the drug throughout the body.
Extract Obtained by Percolation (passing the solvent over the dried plant material), placing the material in the solvent (maceration), If water is used infusion, If boiling water (decoction)
Injections Sterile solutions or suspensions in an aqueous (sometimes oil vehicle) Heat sterilized or filtered. Some powders packaged aseptically in vials and then reconstituted with sterile water. Tablet injection similar to powder
Repository Form Slow Release Form
External Dosage Forms RED LABEL
Liniment Liquid or Semisolid preparation applied on the skin with friction. Counterirritant for chronic inflammation of muscles and tendons
Lotion Solution or suspension of soothing (anodyne) substances applied to skin for inflammation and pain relief
Ointment Semisolid greasy preparation in which the drug is dissolved or dispensed in a suitable base
Cream Drug in a water-oil emulsion, water will evaporate leaving the drug and a thin oil film on the skin
Dusting Powder A mixture of drugs in powder form for external use (starch or talc for adsorbents -(adheres to skin)
Aerosol A drug in a suitable solvent packaged under pressure with a propellant (fluorinated hydrocarbon or nitrogen)
Solid Vehicles (solvents or carriers) Starch, Sucrose, Talc, PVP, Resin
Oral Medication Vehicles Waters (peppermint), Syrup, Elixir
Injection Vehicles Sterile Water, Sterile Saline, Propylene Glycol, Polyethylene Glycol, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80)
Semisolid Vehicles Paraffin Oil, Wax, Bee Wax, Vaseline
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
Terms
micro .000001 or 1/1,000,000
milli .001 or 1/1000
centi .01 or 1/100
deci .1 or 1/10
unit meter, liter, gram
deka 10.
hecto 100.
kilo 1000.
1 kilogram= 2.2 pounds
1 gram= 15 grains
1 ounce= 30 grams
1 grain= 60 milligrams
1 kiloliter= exactly 1000 liters
1 liter= 1 quart
1 milliliter= 1 gram=1 minims= 1 cubic centimeter
1 fluid ounce= 8 fluid drams,=30 milliliters
1 gallon= 4 liters
1 pint= 500 milliliters
1 quart= 2 pints=1000 milliliters
1 gallon= 4 quarts=4000 milliliters
1 teaspoon= 60 drops
1 minim= 1 drop
1 meter= 39.37 inches=approx. 1 yard
1 yard= 3 feet=36 inches
1 inch= 2.54 centimeters |
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
medical error medication calculations that are incorrect are an example of...
sentinel events health care organizations are required to reports incidents involving patient harm are also called...
safe patient care is a responsibility of every health care worker
contaiminated needles health care workers are at risk for injury with...
hazardous substances ppe can reduce the risk of splashes of
injury reports health care workers are required to report to supervisor when an injury occurs
VORB verbal order read back
six rights of medication administration drug,dose,patient,route,time,documentation
three checks pulled from drawer, prepared or opened,packaging replaced or discarded
MAR medication administration record |
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
a shortcut to show multiplication of a number times itself
Percentages a portion of the whole
Celsius scale temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0 C and boiling point is 100 C
Proportion a statement of equality between ratios
Ratio A comparison of two numbers
Carpule sealed glass tube containing anesthesia
Diluent liquid agent added to meds
reconstitute powder mixed with water |
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
a shortcut to show multiplication of a number times itself
Percentages a portion of the whole
Celsius scale temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0 C and boiling point is 100 C
Proportion a statement of equality between ratios
Ratio A comparison of two numbers
Carpule sealed glass tube containing anesthesia
Diluent liquid agent added to meds
reconstitute powder mixed with water |
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
oldest of the drug measurement systems that are seldom used today
convert transform
equivalent amount of weight of any element needed to replace a fixed weight of another body
extremes first term or last term of a mathematical proportion
household systems unit was developed so patients could measure out dosages at home using ordinary things found in kitchen.
means how a result is obtained or an end is achieved.
metric system system of weights and measures based on the meter, gram, liter.
proportion a prat considered in relation to the whole
ratio the relationship in degree or number between two things.
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
what is the maximum amount for an intramuscular (IM)vaccine?
1ml what is the maximum amount for a subcutaneous (subcut)vaccine?
0.1ml what is the maximum amount for a intradermal (ID)vaccine?
the square root of kgxcm divided by 3600. what is the formula for calculating BSA using the metric system?
the square root of poundsxinches divided by 3131. what is the formula for calculating BSA using the household system?
barrel the part of the syringe that is a hollow cylinder that holds the medication. it has calibrations(markings on the outer surface.
plunger the part of the syringe that fits in the barrel and is moved back and forth.
tip the part of the syringe that holds the needle. The needle slips onto it or can be twisted and locked in place.
hub the part of the needle that attaches to the syringe
shaft the long part of the needle embedded in the hub
bevel the slanted portion of the tip of the needle
needle length the distance from the point to the hub. ranges from 3/8 in-2inches.
gauge the thickness of the inside of the needle(ranges from 18-28)
the larger the gauge the smaller the needle what is the relationship betwen the gauge and the thickness of the gauge?
hypodermic,oral,tuberculin and insulin what are the types of syringes?
hypodermic what was the first type of syringe developed?
tuberculin. what type of syringe holds 1ml of fluid and is primarily used for (ID) vaccines? It's calibrated in 0.01ml.
smaller syringes what type of syringes are used for subcut or IM?
larger syringes what type of syringes are used for drawing blood or IV's?
the top ring where on a syringe is the liquid volume read from?
insulin what type of syringes are calibrated only in units and given subcut? It has a standard capacity of 100 units but also can be in 50 and 30 units.
in 100 units/ml multidose vials how is insulin available?
human(rDNA) or animal(beef or pork) what are the sources of insulin?
rapid, short, intermediate or long acting what are the types of insulin?
human(labeled rDNA origin) what is the most common type of insulin?
onset and duration what factors affect the type of insulin?
humalog(rapid acting) what type of insulin is taken 15 min before meals and given until long affecting takes affect?
Humulin R(regular) (short acting) what type of insulin is taken 30-40 mins before meals?
Humulin L(lente) (intermediate acting) what type of insulin lasts about half a day or overnight and lasts 14-16 hrs?
Humulin U (ultralente) (long acting) what type of insulin lasts 1 day and is not timed with meals?
rapid acting with either intermediate or long acting. what is a syringe composed of for someone with IDDM?
the sum of the 2 insulin amounts the total volume in the syringe is = to what?
to provide the most accurate scale why should the smallest capacity syringe be used?
the amount of air injected into the vial the anount of insulin to be withdrawn from each vial must be = to what?
intermediate or long acting insulin you must inject air into what type of insulin before injecting air into regular insulin?
regular insulin what type of insulin is drawn up first to prevent contamination?
to prevent precipitation why must intermediate or long acting insulin be mixed well without delay?
the same source(ex. human with human and animal with animal) only insulin from what sources can be mixed together?
discard the medication and start over what shoudl you do if you draw up too much of the intermediate or long acting insulin?
pre-filled syringe what type of syringe would you used a tubex or carpuject syringe?
medications injected into the body what are parenteral medication?
ampule what is a glass container that holds a single dose of medication? It has a narrowed neck designed to snap open?
vial what is a glass or plastic container that has a rubber stopper on the top? Its stopper maintains sterility until it is used for the first time.
diluent what a a liquid that dilutes the powder in a vile?
reconstitution what is the process when the powder in the vial must be diluted with a liquid(diluent)?
sterile water and sodium chloride(saline solution) what are the most common types of diluents?
displacement factor what is known as the increase in volume when a diluent is added to a drug?
heparin what is a type of anticoagulant or blood thinner that treats and prevents (DVTs) and is given either subcutaneous or IV?
it causes hematomas. Use a tuberculin syringe. why would you use never give heparin (IM) and what type of syringe would you use? |
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
descriptions of specific patient behaviour or responses that demonstrate meeting of or achievement of goals related to each nursing diagnosis. these statements should be verifiable, framed in behavioral terms, measurable, and time specific. outcome criteria are conidered to be specific, whereas goals are broad
nursing process a well established , research supported framework for professional nursing practice
additive effects drug interactions in which the effect ofa combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone.
adverse effects general term for any undesirable effect that are a direct response to one or more drugs
agonist a drug that binds to and stimulate the activity of one or more receptors in the body
antagonist a drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors
antagonistic effects drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs is less thatn the sum of the individual effects ofthe same drug given alone(1+1 = less than 2) it is usually caused by an antagonizing (blocking or reducing) effect of one drug on another
bioavailability measure to the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route
chemical name the name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug
contraindication any condition especially one related to a disease state or other patient characteristic, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable
cytochrome general name for a large class of enzymes that played a significant role in drug metabolism
drug actions the cellular processes involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells
drug interaction alteration in the pharmacologic activity of a given drug caused by the presence on one or more additonal drugs, it is usually related to effects on the enzymes required for metabolism of the dugs
duration length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient ot elicit a response
enzymes protien molecules that catalyze oner or more of a variety of biochemical reactions, including those related to the bodys own physioligic processes as well as those related to drug metabolism
first-pass effect the initial metabolism in the life of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract befor the durg reaches systemic circulation throught the bloodstream
medication use process the prescribing, dispensing, and administering of medication and the monitoring of their effects
metabolite A chemical form of a drug that is the product of one or more biochemical (metabolic) reactions involving the parent drug . Active metabolites are those that have pharmacologic activity of their own, even if the parent drug is inactive . Inactive metabolites lack pharmacologic activity and are simply drug waste products awaiting excretion from the body (e.g., via the urinary, gastrointestinal, or respiratory tract)
peak effect the time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body
peak level the maximum concentration of a drug inthe body after administration, usually measred in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring
pharmacogenetic The study of the influence of genetic factors on drug response, including the nature of genetic aberrations that result in the absence, overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes
pharmacology the broadest term for the study of the science of drugs
prodrug an inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body
steady state the physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose
active transport the active(energy requiring) movement of a substance between the different tissues via biomolecular pumping mechanisms contained within cell membranes
neonate pertaining to a person younger that 1 month of age. newborn infant
nonogram a graphin tool for estimating drug dosages using various body measurements
drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion what are the four phases of pharmokinetics
category x fetal abnormalities reported and positive evidence of fetal ris in humans available from animal and human studies. Not to be used in pregnant women
1983 orphan Drug act enabled FDA to promote research and marketing of orphan drugs used to treat rare diseases
American Nurses Code ensures nurses are acting in the best interest of the client
the american nurses code of ethics ensures the nurse is acting in the best interest of her client
absorption movement of a drug from its site of administartion into the bloodstream for distribution to tissues
drug solubility this refers to the ability of a drug to dissolve and form a solution |
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
Adrenergics Actions: Vasocontriction
Adrenergic Blockers Actions: Vasodilation Primary uses: Control hypertension
Analgesics Actions: Block pain receptors
Anesthetics Actions: Block nerve impulses to the brain
Antacids Actions: Reduce acidity in the stomach
Antianxiety Agents Actions: Reduce anxiety and tension
Antibiotics Actions: Kills the growth of microorganisms
Anticholinergics Actions: Reduce spasms in smooth muscles (internal organs: heart, stomach, liver, etc)
Anticoagulants Actions: Delay or block clotting of blood
Anticonvulsants Actions: Prevent seizures
Antidepressants Action: Treats depression
Antiemetics Action: Act on the hypothalamic center in the brain.
Antifungals Action: Slows the multiplication of fungi
Antihistamines Action: Blocks histamine action in tissues
Antihypertensive Agents Action: Prevents vasoconstriction
Antiinflammatory Agents Action: Reduce inflammation
Antimigraine Agent Action: Prevents migraines
Antineoplastic Action: Destroy cancerous cells
Antipsychotics Action: Alter chemical actions to the brain.
Antipruritics Action: Relieve itching
Antipyretics Action: Lower body temperature
Antispasmodics Action: Prevents or spasms from injury or inflammation
Antitussives Action: Inhibit the cough center
Antiviral Agents Action: Reduce the spread of viral cells
Bronchodilators Action: Relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi
Cathartics (Laxative) Action: Increase activity in the large intestine
Contraceptives Action: Inhibit conception
Decongestants Action: Relieve local congestion in tissues
Diuretics Action: Promote excretion of excess fluid in the body
Expectorant Action: Liquefy secretions in the bronchial tubes so that they can be coughed out
Hematopoietic Agents Action: Promote red blood cell production
Hemostatic Agents Action: Control bleeding
Hormone Replacement Agents Action: Replace hormone Primary Use: Maintain adequate hormone levels
Hypnotics (Sedatives) Action: Induce sleep
Lipid-Lowering Agents Action: Reduce blood cholesterol levels Primary Uses: Manage high blood cholesterol
Miotics Action: Contracts the pupils
Mydriatic Agents (Anticholinegic) Action: Dilates the pupils
Narcotics Action: Depress the CNS
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Action: Reduce blood glucose level Primary Uses: Manage diabetes mellitus 2
Osteoporosis Agents Action: Promote the use of calcium |
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago decimal another way to write a fraction when the denominator is 10, 100, 1000, and so on
denominator bottom number of a fraction; shows the number of parts in a whole
fraction part of a whole
improper fraction fraction that has a value equal to or greater than 1
mixed number number written with both a whole number and a fraction
numerator top number of a fraction; shows the part
percent decimal fraction with a denominator of 100
proper fraction fration that has a value less than 1
proportion a mathematical equation that expresses the equality between two ratios
ratio the relationship of one number to another expressed by whole numbers (1:5) or as a fraction (1/5)
solute substance dissolved in a solvent; usually present in a lesser amount
solution homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
solvent liquid portion of a solution that is capable of dissolving another substance
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25203 posts back to top |
| Posted 6 months ago
Terms
accurately correctly, without error
addiction dependent on use of a substance or object
administration the act of giving medication
adverse opposed or unfavorable; harmful or injurious
apothecary pharmacist or druggist licensed to dispensed medicines
calculate to determine by using math or reasoning
calculation something deduced by calculating
centimeters metric unit measurement for length one-one hundred of a meter
contraindicated to make inadvisable medically
controlled regulated by law with regard to possession or use
dependency being dependent on something or addicted
dispense to give out, as into prepare and give medicine
documentation written verification or evidence that serves as a record
dosage strength or amount of medication prescribed
education information about or training in a particular field or subject, knowledge
effect result; anything brought about by a cause or agent
effects results; things brought about by a cause
formula mathematical relation or rule expressed, recipe
formulary collection of formulas or set format
generic without a brand name, not protected by trademark registration
habituation tolerance to the effects of a drug acquired through continued use; that to which you are accustomed
idiosyncratic any personal mannerism or peculiarity; individual hypersensitivity, such as to a drug or food
inhalation breathed into the lung
instruction method of teaching; direction or order
intolerance inability to tolerate; unable to be given a medication or treatment without adverse side affects
kilogram metric unit of measurement for weight
lethal deadly
measurement a figure, extent or amount obtained by measurement
medication chemical substance to treat or heal an illness or condition
metric decimal system of weights and measures, based on meters and liters
millimeters metric unit of measurement for length, one-one thousandth of a meter
narcotic a drug that in moderate doses dull the senses, relieves pain but in excessive doses causes stupor , coma or convulsions (as codeine, methadone, or morphine)
parenteral given by injection
pediatric referring to a child under the age 18
pharmacist professional licenses to dispense medications
physician professional who treats illnesses and medical conditions
precautions measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous, unpleasant or inconvenient from happening
prescription a written direction for the preparation, compounding and administration of a medicine
quantities specified amounts or numbers of something
responsibility the state of having a duty to deal with something; a thing required to do as part of a job, role or legal obligation
schedules an official list of drugs that are subject to the same legal controls and restrictions
strength degree of potency or effect or of concentration
sublingual under the tongue
substances something such as a methamphetamine, alcohol, etc., that is deemed harmful and usually subject to legal restriction
synthetic not organic; man-made
topical applied on the surface of the skin
verification process of establishing the truth, accuracy or validity of something
volume measured liquid amount
conversion changed or transformed from one thing to another
treatment action or manner of treating a patient medically or surgically |
