I worked at a camp a couple years ago as "wellness coordinator" (they would have had to pay me more to call me Camp Nurse). Anyways, in the general camper population the most chronic illnesses I saw was ADD/ADHD. Also a diabetic, whose blood sugars were not often well controlled. We did have a few special needs campers who were buddied one-on-one with a staff member. But that camp experience was a learning experience... for better or for worse.

I think that it would be interesting to work at a camp specifically for campers with a chronic illness, and to have the knowledge and support of the staff there... to me it sounds like a great experience.